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“水錘效應(ying)”（Water hammer effect )

是指當(dang)打開的閥門突然(rán)關閉，由于壓力水(shui)流的慣性🔞，産生水(shui)💃流沖擊波，并産生(sheng)破壞作用，這就是(shi)水利學當💋中的“水錘效應”，也就是正水錘。

It refers to that when the open valve is suddenly closed, due to the inertia of pressure water flow, water flow shock wave is generated and destructive effect is generated. This is the "water hammer effect" in hydraulics, that is, positive water hammer.

相反，關閉的閥(fá)門在突然打開後(hou)，也會産生水錘，叫(jiào)負水🍉錘🐆，也有一定(ding)的破壞力，但沒有(you)前者大。

On the contrary, after the closed valve is suddenly opened, it will also produce a water hammer, called negative water hammer, which also has a certain destructive force, but it is not as big as the former.

水錘(chui)效應就好像是追(zhui)尾，最前面的車突(tu)然停車了，為後面(mian)的車未及時發現(xiàn)，從而造成了連環(huan)追尾事故，緻使最(zui)前面的車破壞嚴(yan)重。水錘效應就是(shi)與這個類似。

The water hammer effect is like a rear end collision. The front car suddenly stopped because the rear car was not found in time, resulting in a series of rear end accidents and serious damage to the front car. The water hammer effect is similar to this.

通常，在閥門接(jie)近關閉時閉合元(yuan)件突然吸入閥座(zuò)，稱🔞為溶缸閉鎖效(xiao)應。

溶缸閉鎖(suǒ)效應是由低推力(lì)執行機構所造成(cheng)的，該執📐行機構沒(méi)有足夠的推力以(yi)保持在接近閥座(zuò)的位置㊙️，導緻泵的(de)突然關閉或閥門(men)的突然關閉，從而(ér)産生水錘效應。對(dui)于控🏃‍♂️制閥，在某些(xie)情況下，快開型流(liu)量特性的閥門也(yě)能導緻水錘效應(ying)。

Usually, when the valve is close to closing, the closing element suddenly sucks into the valve seat, which is called the cylinder locking effect.

The locking effect of the dissolving cylinder is caused by the low thrust actuator, which does not have enough thrust to keep close to the valve seat, resulting in the sudden closure of the pump or the sudden closure of the valve, resulting in water hammer effect. For control valves, in some cases, valves with fast opening flow characteristics can also cause water hammer effect.

雖然水錘産(chan)生很大的噪音，但(dàn)真正的損害是由(yóu)機械失效造成的(de)。因為由動能急劇(jù)地變化成靜态的(de)管線壓力，水錘會(huì)沖破管線或損傷(shang)管子支架和損害(hài)管線接頭。對于閥(fá)門，水錘能夠通過(guò)閥芯産生嚴重振(zhen)動，它可能導緻閥(fa)芯、墊片或填料的(de)📞失效。

Although the water hammer makes a lot of noise, the real damage is caused by mechanical failure. Because of the sharp change from kinetic energy to static pipeline pressure, water hammer will break through the pipeline or damage the pipe support and pipeline joint. For valves, water hammer can produce serious vibration through the valve core, which may lead to the failure of the valve core, gasket or packing.

對于閥門，防止水錘的辦(ban)法是防止系(xi)統任何突然的壓(ya)力變化。

For valve,the way toprevent water hammer is to prevent any sudden any pressure changes in the system.

包括(kuo)放慢閥門本身的(de)關閉速度或當閉(bi)合元件接☔近🧡閥座(zuo)時🏃🏻‍♂️提供較大程度(dù)的拉力和剛性。為(wéi)防止壓力波動，閥(fa)門應以均勻變動(dong)的速度進行關閉(bì)。在某些情況下，當(dāng)使用快開特性，可(ke)以要求改變為等(deng)百分比特性。對于(yú)在接📞近閥座時必(bì)須節流的控制閥(fa)，應當使用輸出推(tuī)力足夠大的執行(hang)機構，如活塞式氣(qì)動執行機構或液(yè)壓執行機構，或在(zài)手動旋轉的♋操作(zuò)器的行程套管上(shàng)設置特殊缺口，将(jiāng)減少或防💛止溶缸(gāng)閉鎖效應。在管線(xiàn)系統上設置某種(zhǒng)類型的防波動措(cuò)施也能減少🌍水錘(chui)。可使用壓力洩放(fàng)閥或🔞緩沖桶完成(cheng)。此外氣體可被注(zhu)入系統内，氣體的(de)注入能減少流🏃🏻‍♂️體(ti)的密度并📧提供某(mou)些壓縮性以處理(lǐ)💁任何突然的波動(dòng)。

This includes slowing down the closing speed of the valve itself or providing a greater degree of tension and rigidity when the closing element approaches the valve seat. In order to prevent pressure fluctuation, the valve shall be closed at a uniform change speed. In some cases, when the quick open feature is used, it can be required to change to the equal percentage feature. For the control valve that must be throttled when approaching the valve seat, an actuator with sufficient output thrust, such as piston pneumatic actuator or hydraulic actuator, or a special notch shall be set on the stroke sleeve of the manually rotating operator, which will reduce or prevent the cylinder locking effect. Setting some type of anti fluctuation measures on the pipeline system can also reduce water hammer. This can be done using a pressure relief valve or a buffer drum. In addition, gas can be injected into the system, which can reduce the density of the fluid and provide some compressibility to deal with any sudden fluctuations.

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